Secrecy Jurisdictions

(see constitution): A constitution is a set of rules for the government of an organisation. Perhaps most commonly associated with states, they also manage the way in which companies, corporations, trusts, foundations and other organisations are managed.The constitution of a company is often called its articles and memorandum of association, or in the USA its articles and memorandum of incorporation. For a trust the constitution is the trust deed, for a partnership it is either the partnership deed or agreement. It is important that third parties have access to such constitutions, not least because they often include limitations on the activities of the entities in question and if they trade beyond those agreed limitations their actions can be deemed to be ultra vires i.e. beyond their powers, and in that case the person trading with the entity that has acted in this way may find themselves without legal recourse for recovery of their funds.